Young Adults' Perception and Concept of Psychological Well-being Through Physical Activity: A Photo-elicitation Study / Percepción y concepto de bienestar psicológico de los adultos jóvenes a través de la actividad física: un estudio de fotoelicitación

Today, psychological health is a significant health concern. For this reason, it has been deemed essential to investigate how physical activity (PA) and sports can enhance psychological well-being (PWB). Consequently, this study aims to examine and comprehend how young adults perceive PWB through PA. This study's sample consists of 34 participants between the ages of 23 and 28. All participants in this study responded to semi-structured questionnaires that included photo-elicitation as a research technique. Young adults perceived physical activity and sports as a place to cultivate their PWB by emphasizing personal development, life purpose, and social relationships. In addition, the data analysis produced new dimensions such as liberty, self-assurance, and personal equilibrium. This study provides further information that will assist policymakers and researchers in developing effective PWB and mental health promotion programs and strategies for young adults and adolescents.(AU)

Psychological Wellbeing in Physical Education and School Sports: A Systematic Review.

Mental health in children and adolescents has become an increasingly important topic in recent years. It is against this backdrop that physical education and school sports play an important role in promoting psychological wellbeing. The aim of this review was to analyse interventions for improving psychological wellbeing in this area. To this end, a literature review was conducted using four databases (WOS, SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS and ERIC) and the following keywords: psychological wellbeing, physical education, and school sports. Twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that interventions varied greatly in terms of duration and used a wide range of strategies (conventional and non-conventional sports, physical activity, games, etc.) for promoting psychological wellbeing, primarily among secondary school students. There was a lack of consensus as to the conceptualisation of the construct of psychological wellbeing, resulting in a variety of tools and methods for assessing it. Some studies also suggested a link between psychological wellbeing and other variables, such as basic psychological needs and self-determination. Finally, this study provides a definition of psychological wellbeing through physical activity based on our findings.

Implementing Service-Learning Programs in Physical Education; Teacher Education as Teaching and Learning Models for All the Agents Involved: A Systematic Review.

Service-learning (SL) is the subject of a growing number of studies and is becoming increasingly popular in physical education teacher education (PETE) programs. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the implementation of SL programs with PETE students. The databases used were Web of Science, SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and SCOPUS. Articles were selected on the basis of the following criteria: (a) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (b) covers the use of SL programs with PETE students; (c) relates to physical education or physical activity programs; (d) availability of a full-text version in English and/or Spanish. Thirty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Two types of findings were observed: firstly, findings relating to the study characteristics and objectives and, secondly, recommendations for improvement of this type of intervention. The objectives of the different studies focused on (a) the impact of the SL methodology on PETE students' professional, social, and personal skills; (b) its impact on the community; (c) analysis of the effectiveness and quality of the programs. All but two studies analyzed the impact of SL on PETE, while only four analyzed community participants and only three analyzed the quality of the SL program. Recommendations for improving SL programs used with PETE students included: all stakeholders, e.g., students and community participants, should be studied and coordinated; the quality of the programs should be assessed, as studying the effectiveness of SL programs could help to attain the objectives of both students and the community; mixed methods should be used; and intervention implementation periods should be extended to provide more objective, controlled measurements.

Communication as a Strategy to Promote Sports and Health Activities Designed for Adolescents.

Physical activity reduces the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases and improves quality of life, providing health benefits for present and future generations. This is especially relevant for adolescents. Educational institutions are promoters of healthy habits through the organisation of different activities such as extracurricular sports programmes. These activities increase the rates of sports practice among adolescents. The literature shows that the perceived quality of sports and health services is an antecedent of users' behavioural intentions. The aim of this paper is to find out whether communication from educational/sports organisations influences adolescents' intentions to continue engaging in physical activity. A total of 1080 students participated, with a mean age of 13.76 ± 1.39 years, 34.1% of whom were girls. Tests were conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the model that relates communication with value, satisfaction, and future intentions. Tests were conducted to verify the validity (average variance extracted was between 0.754 and 0.583) and reliability (composite reliability was between 0.925 and 0.813) of the model that relates communication with value, satisfaction, and future intentions. Confirmatory analyses and factor invariance tests were performed. The results revealed that communication is an antecedent of value, satisfaction, and future intentions. In conclusion, communication is a good strategy to consolidate sporting habits in both male and female adolescents.

Women and Physical Activity in Fitness Centres. Analysis of Future Intentions and Their Relationship with Age.

Physical activity is an important tool for promoting women's health. Increasing adherence to physical activity is a challenge for governments and private entities. One of the main objectives of the fitness sector is to build customer loyalty. Their behavioural intentions according to gender and age may be a determining factor. The aim of this study was to establish a model that relates the fitness centre's quality as perceived by female customers, these customers' future intentions, satisfaction, and age. A total of 745 women participated in this study, with a mean age of 32.97 ± 14.11, divided into three age groups. A confirmatory analysis, a factor invariance analysis, and a multi-group analysis were conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the model. The results revealed that quality is an antecedent of both perceived value and satisfaction in the three age groups. Perceived value is a precursor of satisfaction, except in the group of women over 45 years old. The only antecedent to adaptation to price is quality, except in the older age group. Finally, perceived value was found to be related to adaptation to price. These results will facilitate the development of strategies to promote physical activity among women according to their age.

Cotinine Plus Krill Oil Decreased Depressive Behavior, and Increased Astrocytes Survival in the Hippocampus of Mice Subjected to Restraint Stress.

Restraint stress (RS) is a condition affecting millions of people worldwide. The investigation of new therapies to alleviate the consequences of prolonged RS is much needed. Cotinine, a nicotine-derivative, has shown to prevent the decrease in cerebral synaptic density, working memory deficits, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior after prolonged restraint stress (RS) in mice. Furthermore, post-treatment with cotinine reduced the adverse effects of chronic RS on astrocyte survival and architecture. On the other hand, the nutritional supplement krill oil (KO), has shown to be beneficial in decreasing depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress. In this study, in the search for effective preventative treatments to be used in people subjected to reduced mobility, the effect of co-treatment with cotinine plus KO in mice subjected to prolonged RS was investigated. The results show that cotinine plus KO prevented the loss of astrocytes, the appearance of depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by RS. The use of the combination of cotinine plus KO was more effective than cotinine alone in preventing the depressive-like behavior in the restrained mice. The potential use of this combination to alleviate the psychological effects of reduced mobility is discussed.

Adaptación y validación de la Escala de Intenciones Futuras de Comportamiento en usuarios de servicios deportivos / Adaptation and Validation of the Scale of Future Intentions of Behaviour in Customers of Sport Services

La fidelización de usuarios en cualquier tipo de organización es un tema transcendente por la cascada de beneficios que se producen al incrementarla. Las organizaciones deportivas no son ajenas a esta realidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar una escala de intenciones futuras de comportamiento a servicios deportivos. Para la validación de la misma, se utilizó una muestra compuesta por 2181 usuarios. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio precedido del exploratorio. Se calculó la fiabilidad del instrumento resultante y su validez discriminante. Los resultados permiten afirmar que se dispone de una herramienta válida y fiable compuesta por tres dimensiones y diez ítems, capaz de conocer las intenciones futuras de comportamiento de usuarios de servicios deportivos.

Customer loyalty, inside any organization, is transcendental because of the reported income it delivers. Sport business is no exception. This research's goal was to set up and validate a scale of future intentions of behaviour in sport services. A sample of 2181 users was used in order to validate this scale. Factorial exploratory and then confirmatory analyses were made. Reliability and discriminatory validity of the resulting tool were calculated. Results show a reliable and valid tool with three dimensions and ten items, able to determine future intentions of behaviour of sport services customers.

Abandono de usuarios en un centro deportivo español: segmentación / Users attrition in a spanish sport center: segmentation / O motivo do abandono de um centro de esportes espanhol, por parte dos seus usuários: segmentação

El abandono deportivo supone un problema socioeconómico. Conocer las causas por las que los usuarios abandonan los centros deportivos y homogeneizarlas en segmentos es de gran aplicación práctica. Estos fueron los objetivos del estudio. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 642 usuarios que causaron baja de un centro deportivo. El instrumento utilizado fue una escala de motivos de abandono de centros deportivos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de clusters. Los resultados mostraron los motivos económicos como la principal causa de abandono. El análisis de clúster respaldó estos motivos en todos sus segmentos, que difirieron según sexo y nivel de estudios

Dropping out any organized sport activity is a socioeconomic problem. Knowing the reasons users quit sport centers and homogenizing these reasons into segments offers a large practical application. These were the goals of the study. The sample included 642 customers who dropped out certain sport center. The tool used was an attrition rate scale in sport centers. Descriptive and clusters analyzes were carried out. Results pointed out economical reasons as the main factor of attrition. Cluster analysis confirmed those conclusions in every segment, showing differences by sex and educational level

O abandono esportivo supõe um problema socioeconômico. Conhecer as causas pelas quais os usuários abandonam os centros de esportes e homogeneizar as mesmas em segmentos, é de grande aplicação prática. Estes foram os objetivos do estudo. A amostragem foi composta por 642 usuários que deixaram de frequentar um centro esportivo. O instrumento utilizado foi uma escala de motivos de abandono. Foram feitas análises descritivas e de clusters. Os resultados mostraram os motivos econômicos como a principal causa de abandono. A análise de clúster confirmou esses dados em todos seus segmentos, que diferiram conforme o sexo e o nível de escolaridade dos entrevistados

Duration of membership at sports centers and reasons for quitting.

Reasons for quitting membership at a sports center and their relation with socio-demographic characteristics and duration of membership were investigated. 642 individuals (55.4% men, 44.6% women), who had recently quit membership at a Spanish sports center, completed a questionnaire. There were significant differences in reasons for quitting on age, occupation, type of activities, and time spent on membership activities. The main reason was financial, regardless of the duration of membership.

Calidad, satisfacción y valor percibido de lós usuarios de un servicio deportivo público / uality, satisfaction and perceived value of users of public service sports

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar y establecer modelos de predicción de la calidad percibida, satisfacción y valor percibido de los usuarios de un servicio deportivo. La muestra estuvo formada por 646 usuarios. Cada sujeto cumplimentó un cuestionario cuyas propiedades psicométricas le otorgaron validez. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que la calidad del servicio deportivo recibido fue buena, resultando los factores técnicos y personal los mejor valorados y siendo la información proporcionada a los usuarios el punto más débil. También positiva fue la valoración de la satisfacción y del valor percibido y dependieron principalmente de un factor intangible como las actividades.

The objetive of this study was to evaluate the perceived quality, satisfaction and perceived value of the sports service users. The sample consisted of 646 users. Each user filled in a self-administered questionnaire, which gave their valid psychometric properties to assess the perceived quality, satisfaction and perceived value. The results obtained showed that the quality of service received was good sport, being the technical and service personnel the best values and the information being provided to the weakest users. Also positive was the assessment of satisfaction and perceived value to the user. Both satisfaction and perceived value of the service depends primarily on an intangible factor and activities.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e desenvolver modelos para prever a qualidade, satisfação e valor percebido dos usuários do serviço desportivo. A amostra consistiu de 646 usuários. Cada sujeito preencheu um questionário cujas propriedades psicométricas deu validade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a qualidade do serviço desportivo recebido foi boa, tendo os factores técnicos os melhores valores, e as informações que são fornecidas para os usuários o ponto mais fraco. Também positiva foi a avaliação de satisfação e do valor percebido, que dependiam principalmente de um fator intangível, como são as atividades.